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Elasticsearch使用篇-关联查询-创新互联

Nest数据类型

nest 类型是对象数据类型的一种特殊版本,允许以一种可以独立查询对象数组元素的方式对对象数组进行索引。

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Thenestedtype is a specialised version of theobjectdata type that allows arrays of objects to be indexed in a way that they can be queried independently of each other.

nest类型的官方文档介绍

nested类型的限制:

// todo — 待更新

e.g.

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "user": [
    {
      "first": "John",
      "last": "Smith"
    },
    {
      "first": "Alice",
      "last": "White"
    }
  ]
}

上述的插入文档的操作在内部会将其转换成如下:

{
	"user.first": ["john", "alice"],
	"user.last": ["smith", "white"]
}

可以看出 user.first、user.last 字段都会平铺成多值的字段,alice、white 之间还有 john、smith 之间的关联关系会丢失。

导致下面的查询的结果也是不准确的:

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "user.first": "Alice"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "user.last": "Smith"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

对此,可以采用 nested 类型解决这种问题。

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "user": {
        "type": "nested",
        "properties": {
          "first": {
            "type": "text"
          },
          "last": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "user": [
    {
      "first": "John",
      "last": "Smith"
    },  
    {
      "first": "Alice",
      "last": "White"
    }
  ]
}

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "nested": {
      "path": "user",
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "user.first": "Alice"
              }
            },
            {
              "match": {
                "user.last": "White"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Nested Query

即嵌套查询。针对 nested 类型字段的查询。

自己的理解:前面说到 nested 类型是允许以一种可以独立查询对象数组元素的方式对对象数组进行索引,也就是说对象数组元素即子对象作为一个整体进行匹配,如果匹配成功,则返回父文档。

nested query 的官方文档介绍

多层嵌套

PUT drivers
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "driver": {
        "type": "nested",
        "properties": {
          "last_name": {
            "type": "text"
          },
          "vehicle": {
            "type": "nested",
            "properties": {
              "make": {
                "type": "text"
              },
              "model": {
                "type": "text"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /drivers/_doc/1
{
  "driver": {
    "last_name": "McQueen",
    "vehicle": [
      {
        "make": "Powell Motors",
        "model": "Canyonero"
      },
      {
        "make": "Miller-Meteor",
        "model": "Ecto-1"
      }
    ]
  }
}

PUT /drivers/_doc/2?refresh
{
  "driver": {
    "last_name": "Hudson",
    "vehicle": [
      {
        "make": "Mifune",
        "model": "Mach Five"
      },
      {
        "make": "Miller-Meteor",
        "model": "Ecto-1"
      }
    ]
  }
}

GET drivers/_search
{
  "query": {
    "nested": {
      "path": "driver",
      "query": {
        "nested": {
          "path": "driver.vehicle",
          "query": {
            "bool": {
              "must": [
                {
                  "match": {
                    "driver.vehicle.make": "Powell Motors"
                  }
                },
                {
                  "match": {
                    "driver.vehicle.model": "Canyonero"
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Join数据类型

join 类型是一种特殊类型,可以在相同索引下的多个文档中创建父子关系。它会在 relations 字段中定义一组可能的关系,包括父名称和子名称。

Thejoindata type is a special field that creates parent/child relation within documents of the same index. Therelationssection defines a set of possible relations within the documents, each relation being a parent name and a child name.

e.g.

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "my_join_field": {
        "type": "join",
        "relations": {
          "question": "answer"
        }
      },
      "text": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "question"
  },
  "text": "This is a question"
}

对于父文档来说,上述的文档可以简写成如下这种形式:

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "my_join_field": "question",
  "text": "This is a question"
}

但是对于子文档来说,name、parent 一定要有。

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/3?routing=1
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "answer",
    "parent": "1"
  },
  "text": "This is an answer"
}

创建子文档,必须指定routing参数值

join 类型的限制

join 类型的字段使用全局序号来提高连接查询的速度。在分片发生变化后,需要重建全局序号。存储在一个分片中的 parent id 值越多,重建 join 类型的字段的全局序号所需的时间越长。默认情况下,全局序号会预先构建,如果索引发生了变化,join 类型的字段的全局序号就会作为刷新的一部分进行重新构建。

如果 join 类型的字段不经常使用并且写操作频繁时,可以选择禁用预先加载全局序号,如下:

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "my_join_field": {
        "type": "join",
        "relations": {
           "question": "answer"
        },
        "eager_global_ordinals": false
      }
    }
  }
}

此外,可以一个父关系对应多个子关系:

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "my_join_field": {
        "type": "join",
        "relations": {
          "question": ["answer", "comment"]  
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

还可以定义多层的关系模型:

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "my_join_field": {
        "type": "join",
        "relations": {
          "question": ["answer", "comment"],  
          "answer": "vote" 
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

不推荐使用上述的多层的关系模型。每一层级关系在查询时都会增加内存和计算的开销。

Has_Child Query

返回与提供的查询相匹配的子文档关联的父文档。可以使用 join 类型的字段在不同文档中建立父子关系。

Returns parent documents whose joined child documents match a provided query. You can create parent-child relationships between documents in the same index using a join field mapping.

因为 has_child 查询执行关联查询,所以它比其它查询要慢。并且它会随着匹配的子文档数量增加而性能降低。搜索中的每个 has_child 查询会显著增加查询时间。

Because it performs a join, the has_child is slow compared to other queries. Its performance degrades as the number of matching child documents pointing to unique parent documents increases. Eachhas_childquery in a search can increase query time significantly.

has_child query 的官方文档介绍

e.g.

PUT my-index-000001
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "my_join_field": {
        "type": "join",
        "relations": {
          "question": "answer"
        }
      },
      "text": {
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/1
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "question"
  },
  "text": "This is a question"
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/2
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "question"
  },
  "text": "This is another question"
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/3?routing=1
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "answer",
    "parent": "1"
  },
  "text": "This is an answer"
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/4?routing=2
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "answer",
    "parent": "2"
  },
  "text": "This is another answer"
}

PUT my-index-000001/_doc/5?routing=2
{
  "my_join_field": {
    "name": "answer",
    "parent": "2"
  },
  "text": "This is another answer"
}

创建子文档,必须指定routing参数值

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "has_child": {
      "type": "answer",
      "ignore_unmapped": true,
      "min_children": 2, 
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "text": "answer"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

值得注意的是,不能使用标准的 sort options 对 has_child 查询结果排序,但是可以使用 function_score 查询,并且按照 _score 排序。

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "has_child": {
      "type": "answer",
      "score_mode": "max",
      "query": {
        "function_score": {
          "query": {
            "match": {
              "text": "answer"
            }
          },
          "script_score": {
            "script": "_score"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Has_Parent Query

返回与提供的查询相匹配的父文档关联的子文档。可以使用 join 类型的字段在不同文档中建立父子关系。

Returns child documents whose joined parent documents match a provided query. You can create parent-child relationships between documents in the same index using a join field mapping.

因为 has_parent 查询执行关联查询,所以它比其它查询要慢。并且它会随着匹配的父文档的数量增加而性能降低。搜索中的每个 has_parent 查询会显著增加查询时间。

Because it performs a join, thehas_parentquery is slow compared to other queries. Its performance degrades as the number of matching parent documents increases. Eachhas_parentquery in a search can increase query time significantly.

has_parent query 的官方文档介绍

e.g.

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "has_parent": {
      "parent_type": "question",
      "score": false,
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "text": "question"
        } 
      }
    }
  }
}

值得注意的是,不能使用标准的 sort options 对 has_child 查询结果排序,但是可以使用 function_score 查询,并且按照 _score 排序。

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "has_parent": {
      "parent_type": "question",
      "score": true,
      "query": {
        "function_score": {
          "query": {
            "match": {
              "text": "question"
            }
          },
          "script_score": {
            "script": "_score"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Parent_Id Query

返回与指定父文档关联的所有子文档。可以使用 join 类型的字段在不同文档中建立父子关系。

Returns child documents joined to a specific parent document. You can use a join field mapping to create parent-child relationships between documents in the same index.

parent_id query 官方文档的介绍

e.g.

GET my-index-000001/_search
{
  "query": {
    "parent_id": {
      "type": "answer",
      "id": 1
    }
  }
}

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文章题目:Elasticsearch使用篇-关联查询-创新互联
文章来源:http://mbwzsj.com/article/pgpcs.html

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