java.util.concurrent包：
1.locks部分：显式锁（互斥锁和速写锁）相关
2.atomic部分：原子变量类相关，是构建非阻塞算法的基础
3.executor部分：线程池相关
4.collection部分：并发容器相关
5.tools部分：同步工具相关，如信号量、闭锁、栅栏等功能

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1.collection部分:
1.1 BlockingQueue
BlockingQueue为接口，如果要用它，需要实现它的子类：
ArrayBlockingQueue
DelayQueue
LinkedBlockingQueue
SynchronousQueue
PriorityBlockingQueue
TransferQueue

   /**

• 在两个独立的线程中启动一个Producer和一个Consumer
• Producer向一个共享的BlockingQueue注入字符串，而Comsumer从中拿出来
• @Author mufeng

• @Date 2019-7-8 11:25
  */
  public class BlockingQueueExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  BlockingQueue blockingQueue=new ArrayBlockingQueue(1024);
  Producer producer=new Producer(blockingQueue);
  Consumer consumer=new Consumer(blockingQueue);
  new Thread(producer).start();
  new Thread(consumer).start();
  try {
  Thread.sleep(4000);
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }
  class Producer implements Runnable{
  private BlockingQueue blockingQueue;
  public Producer(BlockingQueue blockingQueue){this.blockingQueue=blockingQueue;
  }
  @Override
  br/>this.blockingQueue=blockingQueue;
  }
  @Override
  try {
  blockingQueue.put("1");
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  blockingQueue.put("2");
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  blockingQueue.put("3");
  Thread.sleep(1000);
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }
  class Consumer implements Runnable{
  private BlockingQueue blockingQueue;
  public Consumer(BlockingQueue blockingQueue){
  this.blockingQueue=blockingQueue;
  }

  @Override
  public void run() {
  try {
  System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
  System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
  System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

2.Tools部分
2.1 CountDownLatch用法

/**

• @Author mufeng
• @Date 2019-7-8 11:54
  */
  public class TestCountDownLatch {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  final CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(2);
  new Thread(){
  public void run(){
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"processing");
  try {
  Thread.sleep(3000);
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"ended");
  countDownLatch.countDown();
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }.start();
  new Thread(){
  public void run(){
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"processing");
  try {
  Thread.sleep(3000);
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"ended");
  countDownLatch.countDown();
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }.start();
  try {
  System.out.println("wait success...");
  countDownLatch.await();//调用await（）方法的线程会被挂起，会等待直到count值为0才继续执行
  System.out.println("2 end");
  } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

/**

• 所有线程都停留在栅栏的位置，都结束，才继续执行
• @Author mufeng
• @Date 2019-7-8 14:10
  */
  public class TestCyclicBarrier {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  int n=4;
  CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier=new CyclicBarrier(n);
  for(int i=0;inew Writer(cyclicBarrier).start();
  }

}
class Writer extends Thread{
private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
public Writer(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier){
this.cyclicBarrier=cyclicBarrier;
}
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println("writer start");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println("writer end");
cyclicBarrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("continue...");
}
}

/**

• Semaphore可以控制同时访问的线程个数，通过acquire()获取一个许可，如果没有就等待，而release()释放一个许可。
• @Author mufeng
• @Date 2019-7-8 14:32
  */
  public class TestSemaphore {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  int N=8;//工人数
  Semaphore semaphore=new Semaphore(5);//机器数
  for(int i=0;inew Worker(i,semaphore).start();
  }
  }
  }
  class Worker extends Thread{
  private int num;
  private Semaphore semaphore;
  public Worker(int num,Semaphore semaphore){
  this.num=num;
  this.semaphore=semaphore;
  }
  public void run(){
  try {
  semaphore.acquire();
  System.out.println("工人"+this.num+"occupy a machine。。。");
  Thread.sleep(2000);
  semaphore.release();
  System.out.println("工人"+this.num+"release a machine");
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

/**

• Exchanger是在两个任务之间交换对象的栅栏，当这些任务进入栅栏时，它们各自拥有一个对象，当它们离开时，它们都拥有之前由对象持有的对象
• @Author mufeng
• @Date 2019-7-8 14:54
  */
  public class TestExchanger {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService executor =Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  final Exchanger exchanger=new Exchanger();
  executor.execute(new Runnable() {@Override
  br/>@Override
  String data1="li";
  doExchangeWork(data1,exchanger);
  }
  });
  executor.execute(new Runnable() {@Override
  br/>@Override
  String data1="zhang";
  doExchangeWork(data1,exchanger);
  }
  });
  executor.shutdown();
  }
  private static void doExchangeWork(String data1,Exchanger exchanger){
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"exchange:"+data1);
  try {
  String data2 = (String) exchanger.exchange(data1);
  System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"exchange to"+data2);
  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
  }

3.Executor
四种线程池：newFixedThreadPool,newCachedThreadPool,newSingleThreadExecutor,newScheduledThreadPool
1.newFixedThreadPool创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池，以共享的×××队列方式来运行线程。
2.newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程
3.newScheduledThreadPool创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行
4.newSingleThreadExecutor创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序（FIFO,LIFO,优先级)执行

任务分两类：一类是实现了Runnable接口的类，一类是实现了Callable接口的类， Callable的call（）方法只能通过ExecutorService的submit(Callable task)方法来执行，
并且返回一个Future.

4.lock
Synchronized缺点
1.无法中断
2.无法设置超时
3.使用在方法上的synchronized其实是个语法糖

lock(),trylock(),tryLock(long time,TimeUnit unit)和lockInterruptibly()是用来获取锁的，unlock（）方法是用来释放锁的。

ReentrantLock 可重入锁

5.atomic
标量类：AtomicBoolean,AtomicInteger,AtomicLong,AtomicReference
数组类：AtomicIntegerArray,AtomicLongArray,AtomicReferenceArray
更新器类：AtomicLongFieldUpdater,AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater,AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater
复合变量类：AtomicMarkableReference,AtomicStampedReference

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